How Long Do Dogs Live? (Plus, Tips for Maximizing Their Lifespan)
As any dog parent can attest, a home filled with wagging tails and eager wet noses is a haven of joy. Our beloved four-legged friends gift us with unconditional love that soothes the soul and charmingly goofy behavior that never fails to make us smile. Despite the occasional disappearing sock, we want our pups to be our loyal sidekicks forever—but just how long do dogs live?
The lifespan of a dog varies greatly based on several factors, with the most significant being their breed and size. Small dogs tend to live longer than large dogs, but size isn’t the only factor at play. We spoke to a veterinary expert about canine longevity—and how you can help your dog live a longer, healthier life.
What Is the Average Lifespan of a Dog?
Domestic dogs live, on average, between 10 and 13 years.
However, according to Dr. Bethany Hsia, DVM, co-founder of FurPetVo in Fresno, California, some dogs live longer or shorter lives depending on several factors—including breed, size, genetics, nutrition, living conditions, exercise, veterinary care, and overall health.
The longest-living dog on record is a purebred Rafeiro do Alentejo named Bobi, who lives in Portugal. He celebrated his 31st birthday on May 11, 2023—making him roughly 139 in human years. While extraordinary, this lifespan is not typical.
Which Dog Breeds Live the Longest?
Certain dog breeds are known for exceptional longevity—many live well into their teens or even early twenties. Most of these long-lived breeds are small in stature. Here are some of the longest-living breeds and their average lifespans:
- Shih Tzu: 10–18 years
- Chihuahua: 14–16 years
- Shiba Inu: 13–16 years
- Miniature Pinscher: 12–16 years
- Pomeranian: 12–16 years
- Dachshund: 12–16 years
- Australian Cattle Dog: 12–16 years
How Long Do Small Dog Breeds Live?
Smaller dog breeds tend to live longer than larger ones—with an impressive average lifespan of 10 to 15 years. Why?
“Smaller dogs simply don’t burn through energy as quickly as larger dogs do, which means their bodies don’t have to work as hard to maintain their health,” says Dr. Hsia. “Additionally, larger breeds tend to be more prone to certain end-of-life health issues like hip dysplasia and heart disease.”
Another hypothesis is that age-related health issues common in dogs—such as incontinence and mobility problems—may pose greater challenges in larger breeds, sometimes leading to earlier decisions about end-of-life care.
Lifespans of popular small dog breeds include:
- Chihuahua: 14–16 years
- Dachshund: 12–16 years
- Pomeranian: 12–16 years
- Jack Russell Terrier: 13–15 years
- Pug: 13–15 years
- Yorkshire Terrier: 11–15 years
- Beagle: 10–15 years
How Long Do Medium Dog Breeds Live?
Medium dog breeds often fall in the middle of the canine longevity spectrum—aligning closely with the general average life expectancy of 10 to 13 years.
Lifespans of popular medium dog breeds include:
- Poodle: 10–18 years
- Australian Cattle Dog: 12–16 years
- Australian Shepherd: 12–15 years
- Border Collie: 12–15 years
- English Springer Spaniel: 12–14 years
- Cocker Spaniel: 10–14 years
- French Bulldog: 10–12 years
- English Bulldog: 8–10 years
How Long Do Large and Giant Dog Breeds Live?
Large and giant breeds may command attention with their imposing stature—but they often have shorter lifespans. Typically, these majestic dogs live between 8 and 12 years, packing a lifetime’s worth of tail wags and affection into a condensed timeline.
Lifespans of popular large and giant dog breeds include:
- Labrador Retriever: 12–14 years
- German Shepherd: 12–14 years
- Golden Retriever: 10–12 years
- Great Dane: 7–10 years
- Bernese Mountain Dog: 7–10 years
- Mastiff: 6–10 years
- Irish Wolfhound: 6–8 years
How Long Do Mixed Breeds Live?
Mixed-breed dogs—often affectionately called “mutts”—live, on average, 14 years.
“Mixed-breed dogs can have longer lifespans than purebreds because they’re less likely to inherit genetic health problems that are commonplace in some purebred lines,” explains Dr. Hsia.
How To Help Your Dog Live Longer
While many factors affecting lifespan—like breed and genetics—are beyond your control, there’s plenty you *can* do as a devoted dog parent to support your fur baby’s health and longevity. Here are Dr. Hsia’s top evidence-based recommendations:
- Provide a balanced diet
Just like humans, dogs thrive on nutrient-rich, age- and size-appropriate food. Choose high-quality dog food tailored to your dog’s life stage and health needs. Obesity is linked to numerous preventable conditions—so feed appropriate portions and limit treats to no more than 10% of daily calories. - Engage in regular exercise
Physical activity helps maintain healthy weight, supports joint flexibility, and provides vital mental stimulation. Daily walks, play sessions, and interactive games all contribute to long-term wellness. - Get routine veterinary care
Scheduled wellness exams help detect potential issues early—before symptoms appear. Keep vaccinations current and stay consistent with preventative treatments for heartworm, fleas, and ticks. - Stay on top of oral hygiene
Dental disease is extremely common in dogs—and untreated, it can contribute to serious systemic conditions like heart disease. Brush teeth regularly, offer vet-approved dental chews, and schedule professional cleanings as recommended. - Provide mental stimulation
A sharp mind supports a long, joyful life. Rotate toys, use puzzle feeders, practice short training sessions, and encourage positive social interactions with people and other dogs. - Avoid exposure to toxins
Keep hazardous substances—including certain human foods (like chocolate and grapes), toxic plants (such as lilies and sago palms), and household chemicals—well out of your dog’s reach. - Get your dog spayed or neutered
This procedure helps manage pet overpopulation and reduces the risk of reproductive cancers—including mammary tumors in females and testicular cancer in males.
By properly caring for your dog, you do more than just prolong their life—you enrich every moment you share. With love, consistency, and science-backed habits, you’re giving your companion the best possible chance at a long, vibrant, and deeply fulfilling life.
